Руководство по светильникам, Колпачки и основания

What Are the Different Types of Light Bulb Fittings, Колпачки и основания?

When replacing a light bulb, choosing the correct установка лампочки, cap, или база is just as important as selecting the right brightness or colour temperature.

The cap (also called the база) is the part of the bulb that connects to the light fitting. It provides the electrical connection while securely holding the bulb in place. Since different fixtures are designed for specific bulb types, manufacturers have developed a wide variety of light bulb bases to ensure only compatible lamps can be installed safely.

Whether you’re replacing a household bulb, a spotlight, or an LED tube, this guide explains the most common light bulb fittings, caps, и базы to help you find the right replacement.

Bayonet Cap

Bayonet caps are easy to recognize thanks to their push-and-twist locking mechanism. They remain popular in the UK, Австралия, New Zealand, and several other countries because they are secure, надежный, and simple to install.

BC B22 (Bayonet Cap)

Диаметр: 22мм

Pin-to-Pin Diameter: 27мм

Height: 26мм

The BC B22, also known simply as Б22, is the standard bayonet cap used in many household light fixtures. It features two locating pins that lock into the socket with a short twist.

Общие приложения включают в себя:

• Потолочные светильники
• Настольные лампы
• Торшеры
• Wall lights
• Декоративные светильники

Because of its durability and ease of installation, B22 remains one of the most widely used light bulb fittings.

SBC B15 (Small Bayonet Cap)

Диаметр: 15мм

Pin-to-Pin Diameter: 17мм

Height: 26мм

Сходным образом, тот SBC B15 (Small Bayonet Cap) works in the same way as a B22 but is smaller in diameter.

It is commonly found in:

• Декоративное освещение
• Настенные бра
• Освещение приборов
• Small table lamps

Although most B15 bulbs operate on mains voltage, some specialist versions are designed for low-voltage applications.

Other Bayonet Variants

In addition to B22 and B15, several specialist bayonet fittings are available, включая:

• B22d-3 – Often used in Fireglow and industrial mercury lamps
• BY22d – Commonly used for low-pressure sodium (SOX) освещение

Edison Screw Cap

Unlike bayonet fittings, Эдисон Винт (ES) caps screw directly into the socket. Named after Томас Эдисон, they are now the most widely used light bulb bases worldwide.

ES E27

Диаметр: 27мм

Height: 26мм

The E27 Edison Screw is the standard screw fitting throughout Europe, Азия, Австралия, and many other regions.

Однако, it is often confused with Е26. Although the difference is only 1mm, the two bases are designed for different electrical systems.

• Е27: 220–240 В
• Е26: 110–120V (Северная Америка)

Always check both the fitting size and operating voltage before purchasing a replacement bulb.

SES E14 (Small Edison Screw)

Диаметр: 14мм

Height: 26мм

For smaller fixtures, тот E14 Small Edison Screw is the preferred choice.

You’ll typically find E14 bulbs in:

• Люстры
• Wall lights
• Декоративные подвесные светильники
• Освещение приборов
• Акцентное освещение

Благодаря компактному размеру, E14 is especially popular for decorative LED filament bulbs.

Common Edison Screw Sizes

Capsule Lamps

Compared with standard bulbs, capsule lamps are much smaller and use two metal pins instead of a screw or bayonet fitting.

The model number simply refers to the distance between the two pins, making it easy to identify the correct bulb.

This design also prevents bulbs with different voltages from being installed in the wrong fixture.

G9 Base

Расстояние между контактами: 9мм

The G9 fitting is designed specifically for 220–240V mains voltage.

You’ll commonly see G9 bulbs used in:

• Wall lights
• Декоративные подвесные светильники
• Люстры
• Освещение под шкафом

Сегодня, LED G9 bulbs are widely available and provide an energy-efficient replacement for traditional halogen capsules.

G4 Base

Расстояние между контактами: 4мм

By comparison, тот G4 fitting operates on 12V. and requires a compatible transformer or LED driver.

G4 bulbs are frequently used in:

• Cabinet lighting
• Display lighting
• Landscape lighting
• RV and marine lighting

GY6.35 Base

Расстояние между контактами: 6.35мм

The GY6.35 capsule is another low-voltage fitting designed for 12V or 24V системы.

It is commonly installed in:

• Рабочее освещение
• Настольные лампы
• Display cabinets
• Акцентное освещение

К счастью, LED versions are available for all these capsule bases, making upgrades simple while significantly reducing energy consumption.

Linear Halogen

R7s Fitting

Cap Diameter: 7мм

Bulb Length: 78mm or 117mm

Unlike capsule lamps, R7s linear bulbs have contacts at both ends.

They are widely used in:

• Floodlights
• Security lights
• Work lights
• Uplighters

When replacing an R7s bulb, always match:

• Длина
• Мощность
• Напряжение

This ensures proper performance and safe operation.

Halogen and LED Spotlights

Spotlight bulbs are identified by the distance between their pins and the locking mechanism. Следовательно, different spotlight bases are not interchangeable.

ГУ10

Тип: Twist & Lock

Расстояние между контактами: 10мм

Operating directly from 220–240V mains power, тот ГУ10 is the most common spotlight fitting used in residential and commercial lighting.

Настоящее время, LED GU10 bulbs are available in various:

• Wattages
• Beam angles
• Colour temperatures
• Brightness levels

making them ideal replacements for halogen spotlights.

ГУ5.3 / МР16

Тип: Push Fit

Расстояние между контактами: 5.3мм

Unlike GU10 bulbs, МР16 (ГУ5.3) spotlights require 12V. power supplied by a transformer or LED driver.

They are commonly installed in:

• Kitchen lighting
• Display lighting
• Retail lighting
• Акцентное освещение

GZ10

На первый взгляд, тот GZ10 looks almost identical to a GU10.

Однако, there is one important difference.

The GZ10 uses a dichroic reflector, which directs heat backwards rather than forwards. Как результат, the base has a square profile that prevents it from being installed in fixtures not designed to handle the additional heat.

Совместимость

• ✅ GU10 → fits GU10 and many GZ10 fittings
• ❌ GZ10 → should not be installed in GU10-only fixtures

Fluorescent Tubes and LED Tubes

Both fluorescent and LED tubes use two-pin caps at each end. Однако, different tube diameters require different base types.

G13 / Q8

Tube Diameter: 25мм

Расстояние между контактами: 13мм

The G13 fitting is the industry standard for T8 LED и люминесцентные лампы.

After inserting the tube, simply rotate it to lock it into place.

The same fitting is also used on:

• T10 tubes
• T12 tubes

G5 / Т5

Tube Diameter: 16мм

Расстояние между контактами: 5мм

Тем временем, G5 fittings are designed for slimmer T5 tubes.

These compact tubes are widely used in:

• Офисы
• Retail displays
• Освещение под шкафом
• Коммерческое освещение

The same cap is also found on some T4 fluorescent tubes.

Заключительные мысли

В заключение, identifying the correct установка лампочки, cap, или база is essential before purchasing a replacement bulb.

Whether your fixture uses a B22 bayonet, E27 Edison Screw, Е14, G9, ГУ10, МР16, R7s, или G13 fitting, selecting the correct base ensures a safe installation and optimal performance.

Окончательно, if you’re replacing an older incandescent, галоген, or fluorescent lamp, consider upgrading to an LED equivalent with the same fitting. Not only will you enjoy lower energy consumption, but you’ll also benefit from a longer lifespan, reduced maintenance, and improved lighting efficiency.