Керівництво по освітлювальній арматурі, Кришки та основи

What Are the Different Types of Light Bulb Fittings, Кришки та основи?

When replacing a light bulb, choosing the correct штуцер лампочки, cap, або base is just as important as selecting the right brightness or colour temperature.

The cap (also called the base) is the part of the bulb that connects to the light fitting. It provides the electrical connection while securely holding the bulb in place. Since different fixtures are designed for specific bulb types, manufacturers have developed a wide variety of light bulb bases to ensure only compatible lamps can be installed safely.

Whether you’re replacing a household bulb, a spotlight, or an LED tube, this guide explains the most common light bulb fittings, caps, and bases to help you find the right replacement.

Bayonet Cap

Bayonet caps are easy to recognize thanks to their push-and-twist locking mechanism. They remain popular in the UK, Австралія, New Zealand, and several other countries because they are secure, надійний, and simple to install.

BC B22 (Bayonet Cap)

Діаметр: 22мм

Pin-to-Pin Diameter: 27мм

Height: 26мм

The BC B22, also known simply as B22, is the standard bayonet cap used in many household light fixtures. It features two locating pins that lock into the socket with a short twist.

Common applications include:

• Ceiling lights
• Настільні лампи
• Floor lamps
• Настінні світильники
• Decorative fixtures

Because of its durability and ease of installation, B22 remains one of the most widely used light bulb fittings.

SBC B15 (Small Bayonet Cap)

Діаметр: 15мм

Pin-to-Pin Diameter: 17мм

Height: 26мм

Так само, в SBC B15 (Small Bayonet Cap) works in the same way as a B22 but is smaller in diameter.

It is commonly found in:

• Декоративне освітлення
• Настінні бра
• Освітлення приладів
• Small table lamps

Although most B15 bulbs operate on mains voltage, some specialist versions are designed for low-voltage applications.

Other Bayonet Variants

In addition to B22 and B15, several specialist bayonet fittings are available, в тому числі:

• B22d-3 – Often used in Fireglow and industrial mercury lamps
• BY22d – Commonly used for low-pressure sodium (SOX) освітлення

Edison Screw Cap

Unlike bayonet fittings, Гвинт Едісона (ES) caps screw directly into the socket. Named after Thomas Edison, they are now the most widely used light bulb bases worldwide.

ES E27

Діаметр: 27мм

Height: 26мм

The E27 Edison Screw is the standard screw fitting throughout Europe, Азії, Австралія, and many other regions.

Проте, it is often confused with E26. Although the difference is only 1mm, the two bases are designed for different electrical systems.

• E27: 220–240В
• E26: 110–120V (North America)

Always check both the fitting size and operating voltage before purchasing a replacement bulb.

SES E14 (Small Edison Screw)

Діаметр: 14мм

Height: 26мм

For smaller fixtures, в E14 Small Edison Screw is the preferred choice.

You’ll typically find E14 bulbs in:

• Люстри
• Настінні світильники
• Decorative pendant lights
• Освітлення приладів
• Акцентне освітлення

Завдяки компактним розмірам, E14 is especially popular for decorative LED filament bulbs.

Common Edison Screw Sizes

Capsule Lamps

Compared with standard bulbs, capsule lamps are much smaller and use two metal pins instead of a screw or bayonet fitting.

The model number simply refers to the distance between the two pins, making it easy to identify the correct bulb.

This design also prevents bulbs with different voltages from being installed in the wrong fixture.

G9 Base

Відстань між шпильками: 9мм

The G9 fitting is designed specifically for 220–240V mains voltage.

You’ll commonly see G9 bulbs used in:

• Настінні світильники
• Decorative pendant lights
• Люстри
• Підсвітка під шафою

Сьогодні, LED G9 bulbs are widely available and provide an energy-efficient replacement for traditional halogen capsules.

G4 Base

Відстань між шпильками: 4мм

By comparison, в G4 fitting operates on 12В and requires a compatible transformer or LED driver.

G4 bulbs are frequently used in:

• Cabinet lighting
• Display lighting
• Landscape lighting
• RV and marine lighting

GY6.35 Base

Відстань між шпильками: 6.35мм

The GY6,35 capsule is another low-voltage fitting designed for 12V or 24V systems.

It is commonly installed in:

• Освітлення завдань
• Desk lamps
• Display cabinets
• Акцентне освітлення

На щастя, LED versions are available for all these capsule bases, making upgrades simple while significantly reducing energy consumption.

Linear Halogen

R7s Fitting

Cap Diameter: 7мм

Bulb Length: 78mm or 117mm

Unlike capsule lamps, R7s linear bulbs have contacts at both ends.

They are widely used in:

• Floodlights
• Security lights
• Work lights
• Uplighters

When replacing an R7s bulb, always match:

• Довжина
• Потужність
• Напруга

This ensures proper performance and safe operation.

Halogen and LED Spotlights

Spotlight bulbs are identified by the distance between their pins and the locking mechanism. Отже, different spotlight bases are not interchangeable.

GU10

Тип: Twist & Lock

Відстань між шпильками: 10мм

Operating directly from 220–240V mains power, в GU10 is the most common spotlight fitting used in residential and commercial lighting.

Nowadays, LED GU10 bulbs are available in various:

• Wattages
• Beam angles
• Colour temperatures
• Brightness levels

making them ideal replacements for halogen spotlights.

GU5.3 / MR16

Тип: Push Fit

Відстань між шпильками: 5.3мм

Unlike GU10 bulbs, MR16 (GU5.3) spotlights require 12В power supplied by a transformer or LED driver.

They are commonly installed in:

• Kitchen lighting
• Display lighting
• Retail lighting
• Акцентне освітлення

GZ10

На перший погляд, в GZ10 looks almost identical to a GU10.

Проте, there is one important difference.

The GZ10 uses a dichroic reflector, which directs heat backwards rather than forwards. В результаті, the base has a square profile that prevents it from being installed in fixtures not designed to handle the additional heat.

Compatibility

• ✅ GU10 → fits GU10 and many GZ10 fittings
• ❌ GZ10 → should not be installed in GU10-only fixtures

Fluorescent Tubes and LED Tubes

Both fluorescent and LED tubes use two-pin caps at each end. Проте, different tube diameters require different base types.

G13 / Q8

Tube Diameter: 25мм

Відстань між шпильками: 13мм

The G13 fitting is the industry standard for T8 LED і люмінесцентні лампи.

After inserting the tube, simply rotate it to lock it into place.

The same fitting is also used on:

• T10 tubes
• T12 tubes

G5 / Т5

Tube Diameter: 16мм

Відстань між шпильками: 5мм

Тим часом, G5 fittings are designed for slimmer T5 tubes.

These compact tubes are widely used in:

• Офіси
• Retail displays
• Підсвітка під шафою
• Commercial lighting

The same cap is also found on some T4 fluorescent tubes.

Заключні думки

На закінчення, identifying the correct штуцер лампочки, cap, або base is essential before purchasing a replacement bulb.

Whether your fixture uses a B22 bayonet, E27 Edison Screw, E14, G9, GU10, MR16, R7s, або G13 fitting, selecting the correct base ensures a safe installation and optimal performance.

Нарешті, if you’re replacing an older incandescent, галоген, or fluorescent lamp, consider upgrading to an LED equivalent with the same fitting. Not only will you enjoy lower energy consumption, but you’ll also benefit from a longer lifespan, reduced maintenance, and improved lighting efficiency.